Physics Of The Periodic Table - 1506 Words

The Periodic Table Chemically speaking, the periodic table was a major factor in improving the study of elements, in which then the study of these elements expands into broader studies such as atoms and sub-atoms. This essay will talk about the history of the development of the periodic table and will further discuss the how and why it was created. Moreover, it will include the history of various chemists that contributed in the improvement of the table such as Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner, John Newlands, Dmitri Mendeleev, Henry Moseley, Glenn T. Seaborg. The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the substratum of their atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus), electron configurations, and†¦show more content†¦As a result, a periodic table provides an utilizable framework for analyzing chemical manner, and so the tables, in diverse forms, are widely utilized in chemistry and other sciences. In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner commenced to formulate one of the earliest endeavours to relegate the elements. In 1829, he found that he could compose some of the elements into groups of three, with the members of each group having cognate properties. He termed these groups as triads. Some of the triads that were relegated by Dà ¶bereiner are chlorine, bromine, and iodine, also calcium, strontium, and barium, and sulfur, selenium, and tellurium and finally lithium, sodium, and potassium. In all of the triads, the atomic weight of the middle element was virtually precisely the average of the atomic weights of the other two elements. In 1865, few years after the discovery of the triads, the English chemist John Newlands relegated the fifty-six kenned elements into eleven groups, predicated on their physical properties. Newlands noted that many pairs of like elements existed, which differed by some multiple of eight in mass number, and he was the first to assign them an atomic number. When his law of octaves was printed in Chemistry News, likening this periodicity of eights to the musical scale, it was ridiculed by some of his contemporaries. His lecture to the

Physics Of The Periodic Table - 1506 Words

The Periodic Table Chemically speaking, the periodic table was a major factor in improving the study of elements, in which then the study of these elements expands into broader studies such as atoms and sub-atoms. This essay will talk about the history of the development of the periodic table and will further discuss the how and why it was created. Moreover, it will include the history of various chemists that contributed in the improvement of the table such as Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner, John Newlands, Dmitri Mendeleev, Henry Moseley, Glenn T. Seaborg. The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the substratum of their atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus), electron configurations, and†¦show more content†¦As a result, a periodic table provides an utilizable framework for analyzing chemical manner, and so the tables, in diverse forms, are widely utilized in chemistry and other sciences. In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner commenced to formulate one of the earliest endeavours to relegate the elements. In 1829, he found that he could compose some of the elements into groups of three, with the members of each group having cognate properties. He termed these groups as triads. Some of the triads that were relegated by Dà ¶bereiner are chlorine, bromine, and iodine, also calcium, strontium, and barium, and sulfur, selenium, and tellurium and finally lithium, sodium, and potassium. In all of the triads, the atomic weight of the middle element was virtually precisely the average of the atomic weights of the other two elements. In 1865, few years after the discovery of the triads, the English chemist John Newlands relegated the fifty-six kenned elements into eleven groups, predicated on their physical properties. Newlands noted that many pairs of like elements existed, which differed by some multiple of eight in mass number, and he was the first to assign them an atomic number. When his law of octaves was printed in Chemistry News, likening this periodicity of eights to the musical scale, it was ridiculed by some of his contemporaries. His lecture to the

Physics Of The Periodic Table - 1506 Words

The Periodic Table Chemically speaking, the periodic table was a major factor in improving the study of elements, in which then the study of these elements expands into broader studies such as atoms and sub-atoms. This essay will talk about the history of the development of the periodic table and will further discuss the how and why it was created. Moreover, it will include the history of various chemists that contributed in the improvement of the table such as Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner, John Newlands, Dmitri Mendeleev, Henry Moseley, Glenn T. Seaborg. The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the substratum of their atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus), electron configurations, and†¦show more content†¦As a result, a periodic table provides an utilizable framework for analyzing chemical manner, and so the tables, in diverse forms, are widely utilized in chemistry and other sciences. In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner commenced to formulate one of the earliest endeavours to relegate the elements. In 1829, he found that he could compose some of the elements into groups of three, with the members of each group having cognate properties. He termed these groups as triads. Some of the triads that were relegated by Dà ¶bereiner are chlorine, bromine, and iodine, also calcium, strontium, and barium, and sulfur, selenium, and tellurium and finally lithium, sodium, and potassium. In all of the triads, the atomic weight of the middle element was virtually precisely the average of the atomic weights of the other two elements. In 1865, few years after the discovery of the triads, the English chemist John Newlands relegated the fifty-six kenned elements into eleven groups, predicated on their physical properties. Newlands noted that many pairs of like elements existed, which differed by some multiple of eight in mass number, and he was the first to assign them an atomic number. When his law of octaves was printed in Chemistry News, likening this periodicity of eights to the musical scale, it was ridiculed by some of his contemporaries. His lecture to the

Personal Narrative Facing Your Fears - 901 Words

Facing your fears The wheels of my almost falling apart luggage where obnoxiously squeaking as I paced down the busy and rather lengthy airport hallway. Intimidated by frequent stares and unsettled by the lingering feeling of uncertainty, I tried my best to not attract any more attention than I already was. My scrawny arms struggled to lift my grey worn out bag, and I avoided eye contact at all expenses to not feel the rapidly flourishing feeling of embarrassment and regret sitting at the pit of my stomach. If you couldn’t already tell, this was the first time I have ever proceeded to fly alone, and at the inexperienced age of 13, I wasn’t too hyped about taking that step in my life, but for some stupid reason I thought I had the balls to do it in the first place. I couldn’t help but be terrified. All my life until that very moment, most challenges and tasks are overcome with the assistance of my parents. Kids don t have to worry about booking doctors appointments, paying for socc er practice, packing their lunches, and God forbid travelling alone. This generation’s corrupted society seems to give off the impression that kids don’t need to have any responsibilities nor make the effort to become a more self-reliant individual that will sustain a promising future. Unfortunately I wasn’t much different from the rest of the crowd, since I was raised an only child and the concept of becoming an independent individual was a distant concern until that very moment. This timeShow MoreRelatedThe Hippocratic Oath, By Atul Gawande1344 Words   |  6 Pagesof practicing medicine, maintaining respect for patients, and preserving humility within themselves. Modern day practice of this oath involve patient’s stories. Rita Charon in her article â€Å"What to do with Stories? The sciences of Narrative Medicine,† explores narrative writing and how to use it as a tool in healing patients. 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It doesn t help the leader of the free world tweets leisurely while there s more pressingRead MoreCognitive Beh avioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper is going to look into two models of intervention that Ben and I think might help him cope with things going on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrationalRead MoreAnalysis Of Dragon s Village, Things Fall Apart, And Man Of The People1460 Words   |  6 PagesIn Africa and throughout the world, many countries have been forced to undergo the plight of colonial rule. 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“Hope” Is the Thing with Feathers Emily Dickinson Free Essays

Hannah Hulvey English II Balint 22 April, 2013 â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers: Emily Dickinson In this poem, Emily is saying how nature is divided or basically, she employs images from nature for contrasting purposes. In this poem nature is both beneficent and destructive. The division is made between the image of the bird and the images of threatening storms and hostile environments. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Hope† Is the Thing with Feathers: Emily Dickinson or any similar topic only for you Order Now This split corresponds to a separation between inside and outside, between interior and exterior spaces. The major theme of this poem is that Dickinson is comparing the hope in the soul with a bird. The bird never stops singing. So should we keep singing our songs, our poems, our prose. Even the roughest storms can’t keep the bird from its singing. Nor should we let our own storms, our personal disappointments like deaths of family and friends, stop us. The poem uses a bird as a symbol to define the feeling that hope can give an individual. In the first stanza, Dickinson tell the reader that â€Å"Hope is the thing with feathers . That perches in the soul. and sings the tune-without the words. And never stops at all. † In other words, hope is part of a spirit that lives in all of us. The uplifting feel of hope comes naturally and stays with us. A series of words in the second and third stanzas â€Å"sore,† â€Å"storm,† â€Å"chillest,† â€Å"Extremity† combine to evince a different side of nature, as dangerous and threatening. Here the sense is of an exterior space, wild and unprotected. Dickinson tells us, the tune the bird sings is â€Å"sweetest,† suggesting both that it is the most comforting thing heard amid the noise of the storm, and that, while the tune is sweet when it is heard while one is safe, it is sweetest when one is in danger. If we look at â€Å"‘Hope’ Is the Thing with Feathers† in terms of Dickinson’s life, we can perhaps read a commentary on her withdrawal from the world. Dickinson turned inward into herself and shut out the world, and she suggests that inside it is peaceful and secure, while outside it is hostile and dangerous. And how does this describe my life? How to cite â€Å"Hope† Is the Thing with Feathers: Emily Dickinson, Papers

Development of the Electric Vehicles

Question: Discuss about the Development of the Electric Vehicles. Answer: Introduction Over the long period of time the huge use of fuel results in major environmental issues such as global warming,air pollution and energy crisis. Thus, alternatively driven vehicles manufacturing provide an alternative platform for the individuals that helps in creating sustainability within the environmentand reduces the impact of climate change. Hence electric vehicle is most preferable among the alternatively driven vehicles.The big revolution in mass producing of electric vehicle came with the grace of general motor ev1 in 1961.That period of time electric vehicle were available to the resident of Los Angeles,California,Arizona throughlease contracts only(Bi, De Kleine, Keoleian, 2016). Electric vehicles are very desirable due to its economical and environmental issues. The fluctuation throughout all over the world in currency has led electric vehicle a big platform to explore reducing the import of fuel. Over the years research in battery technology lithium ion battery is more acc eptable in new model electric vehicles. History of electric cars First electric vehicle was developed in the year 1834 by Thomas Davenport.A big innovation in battery technology during the period 1890 to 1910 has led electric vehicle more expansion in the market. It is a golden era of electric vehicle and the given example carries this.IN 1900 cars made in US: 1681 Steam cars, 1575 Electric cars, 936 Gasoline cars (Goldberg et.al. 1983). The adaptability among people of electric vehicles is due to zero noise,emission and being easier to drive rather than combustion engine cars. One of the top selling electric vehiclesgo as 15 mph and as far as 40 miles on a single charge. The big drawback of electric vehicleare nonfunctional in non electrified ruralarea, such as low acceleration speed and short driving range. Electric vehicle pick time was in the early 1900, whereas its downfall also began after 1920.Thus the golden era of electric vehicle became very short(Conte, Genovese, Ortenzi, Vellucci, 2014). After 1920 the vehicle market dominated by the i nternal combustion engines (ICG) over the electric vehicles. From the late 60s and through 80s various environmental issues and the crisis of fuel provide a second wave of electric vehicles. The awareness of the negative factors due to the combustion engines related to the both economical and environmental factors has led a re- emergence of electric vehicles. In 2009 Barak Obama Government allotted $2.4 billion as a grant for researching to better technology in batteries and further providing a $7500 tax benefit for the first 200000 electric vehicles buyers (Keating, 1979). China government also takes some ambitious plans to become the leader in production and utilization around the world. In this prospect they offer subsidies up to $8800 to taxi drivers and local government agencies for buying electric vehicle and also ordered to the power grid to set up electric car charging stations in Beijing, Shanghai etc. Analysis of electric motor cars The analysis of the development of the electric vehicles is based on their comparison with the other types of cars such as the hybrid cars and the ICE cars, on the various factors such as the depreciations costs, costs related to the consumption of fuel, repairing and maintenance costs and kilometer tax. In this research study the sensitivity analysis is done on the basis of the findings from the various literatures and by conducting some random interview with the industry experts. The main intent behind performing the sensitivity analysis was to analyze the overall cost per kilometer with respect to the depreciation costs, repairing and the maintenance costs and the costs of the wheels and the fuels(Del Duce, Gauch, Althaus, 2014). The costs of the insurance, costs of the AA petrol and the costs related to the cleaning of the vehicle is considered to be stable costs. It is not possible to predict the development costs of the car taxes but as per the European Policy the development o f the taxes generally depends upon the emission of the car. As per the fuel costs the research found out that the bottom prices of the oil will be around 1.40 per litre of gasoline which is the average costs of the fuel in the year 2007. This would result in the kilometer price of 0.35. Though there are not much information that is available about the rates that are related to the H2, but as per the various research studies the current price of the hydrogen fuel will be about 0.44 and there are chances that these prices will be reduced to 0.056kWh if the hydrogen gas is produced in a decentralized manner by reforming the natural gas (Diao, Sun, Yuan, Li, Zheng, 2016). On conducting the research related to the development of the electricity prices, it was found that there is large variation which ranges from 0.22 kWh to 0.37kWh by the year 2030. It is difficult to estimate the development costs of the electric vehicles and the hydrogen vehicles as they are not manufactured in ver y large scale and hence no proper estimation could be made about their future production numbers.Thus, this report takes into consideration that the large scale production of the electric vehicles will start by the year 2020 and the production of the hydrogen vehicles will take place on a large scale by the year 2030. When the electric vehicles and the hydrogen vehicles will be produced on a large scale then they will converge to the price of the internal combustion engine cars. Since the batteries and the fuel cell in the electric cars and the hydrogen cars are very costly and the drive chain of the hydrogen cars is very complex thus, it can be said the costs of the hydrogen cars and the electric vehicles will be more than that of the internal combustion engines(Hellgren, 2007). Thus when the electric vehicles and the hydrogen cars are manufactured on a large scale it is estimated that the average cost of the electric vehicle per kilometer will reach around 0.34 and the per kilomet er of the hydrogen cars will reach around 0.35 by the year 2030. On doing a comparison of the drive train mechanism of the ICE, Hydrogen and the electric cars, it can be said that the possibility of wearing out in the drive train mechanism of the electric vehicle is very less as compared to the hydrogen cars and the internal combustion engine cars, as there are less moving components in the drive train mechanism of the electric vehicle. Hence it can be estimated that the maintenance of the electric vehicle will cost less when compared to the ICE cars and the cars running on hydrogen fuel. Design and technologies There is huge potential in the development of the energy, economic and the environment security of the country through the development of the electric vehicles especially the plug in electric cars, which will completely revolutionize the transportation system in the world in the coming years(Hellgren, 2007). The plugs in electric vehicle are those electric cars which generally have lithium ion batteries that can be recharged from an external electrical source like the wall sockets and the electricity which are stored in the rechargeable battery drives. The electric car generally uses the energy stored in the batteries to drive the propulsion system of the vehicle. In respect to the ICE cars the motors of the electric cars provide a clean and safe alternative. The electric vehicle generally uses the lithium ion batteries to drive the propulsion system of the vehicle. The main reason behind the use of the lithium ion battery is that it has high energy density and have longer span of li fe. Also the lithium ion batteries generally have the higher power densities with respect to the other batteries that are available. But there are high chances of the thermal breakdown and the high cost that are associated with the lithium ion batteries, thus these batteries have to be used in safe rage of temperatures and the voltage in order so that the vehicle can be operated efficiently and safely(Helmers, Dietz, Hartard, 2015).Generally in the electric the 3 phase AC motor is used. The DC current generated from the lithium ion batteries is sent to the DC/SC inverter, which convert the DC current into the alternating current. The regenerative braking system is generally used in the modern electric cars where the motors can be utilized as brakes which in turn become generators that transform the motion of the vehicle into electrical energy that can be utilized to charge up the batteries of the car(Helmers, Dietz, Hartard, 2015).In order to increase the efficiency of the electric vehicles it is important that the mass of the vehicle, aerodynamic resistance and the resistance due to rolling is minimized. On the other hand it is also important to maximize the efficiency of the engine motor and the transmission system. Thus, in order to reduce the cost that are associated with the expensive batteries used in the electric vehicles the efficiency of the other systems in the vehicle has to be increased. Materials and manufacturing methods The skeleton also called the space frame of the electrical car is generally made up of the aluminum so that it is strong and has light weight. Instead of steel the wheels of the electric cars are also made up of aluminum, so that the weight of the vehicle can be reduced. Magnesium is used for making the seat frames and the steering wheel. The impact resistant plastics are used to make the body of the electric vehicle. The impact resistant composite plastic that is used in the manufacturing of the body frame can be recycled. Plastic housings are used for placing the batteries in the electric vehicle. The manufacturing process of the electric vehicle gives due importance to both the design of the vehicle and the process to be utilized. The design of the vehicle generally includes handcrafting and high-tech systems (Jeong Oh, 2002). In general practices the bodies of the electric cars are handcrafted in the six different working stations. In the first step the parts of the aluminum fram e are put together as subassemblies which are either glued to each other or are welded together. After both the upper-body and down-body subassemblies are put together, the complete frame is cured in a two-stage oven. Then the roof is attached and the protective sealants are applied to the complete frame. In the assembly section the complex electronic systems are inserted into the frame of the car. It includes wiring of the body and the setting up of the power electronics bay which have the propulsion control module, integrated drive unit and a small radiator. Then in the next stage the interior of the car is outfitted, like the flooring, seats, carpeting and the control and the dash are placed in the car.In the third stage the air-conditioning system is put in place. Then the T-shaped battery pack is added to the car (Lu et al., 2016). The batteries are attached to the chassis. After the battery and the propulsion system are put in place the windshield is attached to the car and th e other fluids are added to the car. The door system and the exterior panels are added at this stage and all the systems are checked for any malfunctioning. At the final stage the alignment of the car wheels and checked and the necessary adjustments are made. Suitable specification of electric cars The technical specification of the electric car is that the electric car is generally a two door hatchback which has the seating capacity of four adults. The power of the Ac electric motor is around 19KW which produces 3750rpm and gives a torque of 53.9N-m. The battery that is used in the electric vehicle is the 48V maintenance free lithium ion battery and the steering mechanism used in the vehicle is the electric powered steering. The transmission of the vehicle is fully automatic. The front suspension is the gas filled suspension with the anti roll bar mechanism and the rear suspension is the trail link suspension in which the shock absorber is gas filled along with the coil spring over Damper and the Panhard rod(SuriOnori, 2016). The front breaks are disc break with the dimension of 215 mm x 10 mm Solid and the rear brakes are drum brakes of 180mm. The tubeless tyres will be used in the car. The dimension of the car will be around 3280 mm x 1514 mm x 1560 mm and the wheelbase of t he electric car will about 1960mm. The vehicle will have a ground clearance of 180mm and the turning radius of the vehicle will be about 3.9m. The kerb weight of the vehicle will be about 830Kgs. The Body frame of the car will be of welded tubular space frame structure and the panels and bumpers color impregnated and the dent resistance body panel. The vehicle will have the top speed about 81Km/hre and the complete range of the vehicle in one charge will be about 120Kms under city driving conditions. The car will take about 5 hours to get charge completely. Cost management Electric vehicle cost can be subdivided into two parts. one of them is capital cost and the other is long term cost. Capital cost means the purchase price of the electric vehicle, here the MSRP of the vehicle is used as the base price and the long term cost describes fueling and maintenance of the electric vehicle.For its characteristic technologies, the price of electric vehicle is higher than combustion engines cars(Xiao, Lin, Zheng, Ye, 2012). For an example the MSRP for the combustion 2014 Chevrolet Spark18 is $14,995 while the base price for the Electric Vehicle of the same car is almost double the price, at $26,685.The huge difference in price of electric vehicle due to its 21-kWh Li-ion battery pack. It is hopeful that battery price may reduce over 50% in the upcoming years. A recent report from Navigant Research suggests that prices may drop to $300/kWh by 2015, and $180/kWh by 2020 (Roth, 2004).It is very urgent to reduce the capital cost for more acceptability.Whereas capi tal cost is very high but considering the long term cost is a hopeful light to the electric vehicle. This price difference in long term cost between electric vehicle and combustion engines happens because maintenance cost is fewer than combustion engines as there are a very few parts are moving in electric vehicles than the combustion engines. Maintenance requirements The main advantage of the electric vehicle is that the moving parts in the electric vehicle are very less as compared to the ICE cars.Thus, there will less chances of wearing out cases. The motor of the electric motor generally have just 15-20 moving parts on the contrary the ICE car engines have more than 100 moving parts. Thus, it can be concluded that the motor car is simple and can be easily maintained or replaced. As per the various estimates the cost of the maintenance of the electric vehicle will be just one third to that of the conventional ICE cars. But one of the main area which is needed to be taken into consideration for the maintenance of the electric car is the battery used in the car. With time the power output of the batteries used to drive the motor of the electric car reduces and this can severely affect the range of the electric vehicle. On an average the lithium ion batteries used in the electric cars can run about one lakh thousand miles. But the cost associated with the replacement of the batteries used in electric cars will be very high if there is an increase in the demand of the electric cars then large scale production of the batteries can considerably bring down the cost associated with the batteries of the electric cars. Life cycle cost/process and Recycling process Taking into consideration the total calculated costs that are related to the cot per mile of passenger cars which are run battery and the conventional ICE cars, along with the costs that are associated with the various important parameters than it can be said that the electric cars have very less life cycle cost when compared to the conventional ICE cars. The reason behind this feature is that the battery cost per mile in the electric vehicle is completely balanced lower vehicle cost per mile of the electric vehicle (Marr Walsh, 1992). Another reason can be the lower fuel consumption of the electric cars as compared to the conventional ICE cars and the either very less or no requirement of maintenance of the cars. The recycling of the batteries that are used in the electric vehicle is very much possible. About 96 percent of the materials that are used in the lead acid batteries can be recovered where as only 36% of the materials from the glass bottles is recoverable. The batteries can also be recharged and reused before they are recycled. The lithium ion batteries that are deemed unfit for use in the electric cars still have about 80 percent of their charge left which can be utilized to prop up the grid particularly in case of the sources of energy which are not steady like that of the wind and solar energy sources. Various battery recycling plants have come up in US among which TOXCO is a big player. Popular electric car manufacturer TESLA also sends its batteries to TOXCO for recycling(SuriOnori, 2016). When there are no charges are left in the batteries than the batteries are frozen in the liquid nitrogen which are so cold that the battery could not react and the batteries are then smashed into small pieces. Then the metals are separated out for their reuse. Conclusion and Recommendations If the progress in the electric cars continues as expected, then in the coming years it will be possible to have electric cars that are lightweight and have efficient electric motors. For making the electric car financially viable it will be important that the electric car fulfills all the low cost projections such that the life cycle cost associated with the electric vehicles is less as compared to the conventional electric vehicles. References Bi, Z., De Kleine, R., Keoleian, G. (2016). Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost Model for Comparing Plug-in versus Wireless Charging for an Electric Bus System.Journal Of Industrial Ecology, n/a-n/a. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12419 Conte, M., Genovese, A., Ortenzi, F., Vellucci, F. (2014). Hybrid battery-supercapacitor storage for an electric forklift: a life-cycle cost assessment.J ApplElectrochem,44(4), 523-532. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-014-0669-z Del Duce, A., Gauch, M., Althaus, H. (2014).Electric passenger car transport and passenger car life cycle inventories in ecoinvent version 3.Int J Life Cycle Assess. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-014-0792-4 Diao, Q., Sun, W., Yuan, X., Li, L., Zheng, Z. (2016).Life-cycle private-cost-based competitiveness analysis of electric vehicles in China considering the intangible cost of traffic policies.Applied Energy,178, 567-578.https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.116 Goldberg, B., Hausser, A., Le, B. (1983).Accelerated cycle life testing of lead-acid golf car batteries and the influence of separator type on battery life, energy consumption and operating cost.Journal Of Power Sources,10(2), 137-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(83)87003-7 Hellgren, J. (2007). Life cycle cost analysis of a car, a city bus and an intercity bus powertrain for year 2005 and 2020.Energy Policy,35(1), 39-49. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.10.004 Helmers, E., Dietz, J., Hartard, S. (2015). Electric car life cycle assessment based on real-world mileage and the electric conversion scenario.Int J Life Cycle Assess. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-015-0934-3 Jeong, K. Oh, B. (2002). Fuel economy and life-cycle cost analysis of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle.Journal Of Power Sources,105(1), 58-65. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(01)00965-x Keating, J. (1979). Design to Cost/Life Cycle Cost a Way of Life.Journal Of Cost Estimating,9(2), 40-54. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21649405.1979.10462454 Lu, Q., Wu, P., Shen, W., Wang, X., Zhang, B., Wang, C. (2016). Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Power Battery.Materials Science Forum,847, 403-410. https://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.403 Marr, W. Walsh, W. (1992). Life-cycle cost evaluations of electric/hybrid vehicles.Energy Conversion And Management,33(9), 849-853. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(92)90013-m ROTH, I. (2004). Incorporating externalities into a full cost approach to electric power generation life-cycle costing.Energy,29(12-15), 2125-2144. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.016 Suri, G. Onori, S. (2016). A control-oriented cycle-life model for hybrid electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries.Energy,96, 644-653. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.11.075 Xiao, W., Lin, Y., Zheng, X., Ye, S. (2012). Modeling the Spread of Electric Vehicles Based on Life-Cycle Cost.AMR,424-425, 146-150. https://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.146

The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor Essay Thesis The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor for the artistic and intellectual explosion that took place during the asses and asses. Discuss. By Tanya Monkish-Benefit Kerr The Harlem Renaissance remains one of the most momentous creative movements in American history, exceeding its original importance to one specific interest group and hence cannot be looked upon simply as a convenient metaphor. This essay will show that in addition to the eruption of creativity, the Harlem Renaissance should be acknowledged for its significant contribution to changing the self-perception of the We will write a custom essay on The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Negro in America in such a positive and significant way that eventually transformed the Harlem Renaissance into the Civil Rights Movement of the sasss and changed the identity of America forever. The renaissance served to create a perception of distinctiveness among African Americans, at the same time, compelling white America to acknowledge the significance of an ethnic group far too long seen as inferior. The Harlem Renaissance may be defined as an eruption of creativity overflowing from the gifted minds of African-Americans between the asses and asses; though in truth, it was the center of focus for the articulation and litigation of a marginalia populace as much as it was an artistic movement. Even though mostly considered an African-American literary movement, the Harlem Renaissance stretched far beyond books and poetry to embrace art, dance, and music. The creative minds of blacks behind the Harlem Renaissance used creative expression to make an important impact on all aspects of society, while at the same time providing African-Americans with their first sense of distinctiveness not defined by slavery. Embracing creative arts, individuals sought to re-conceptualize the Negro apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples allegations to their culture and to one another. They also sought to break free of Victorian ethical values and conformist shame about aspects of their lives that might strengthen racist opinions by whites. Never controlled by a specific school of thought but rather characterized by powerful debates, this movement laid the foundation for all later African American literature and had a huge influence on succeeding black literature and consciousness internationally. While the Harlem Renaissance was certainly not restricted to New York City, Harlem enticed a significant concentration of intellect and talent; therefore, it served as the symbolic capital of cultural development. During the 20th century, approximately six million African-Americans escaped the remunerative hardships and harsh segregationist laws of the South and migrated northward to metropolises in an effort to obtain Jobs and economic stability as well as searching for a more racially open-minded society. Winter estimated that 175,000 of these African-Americans settled in New York City. To attach an unambiguous commencement to the Harlem Renaissance by singling out one precise text can only serve to spark debates since black authors had been published since effortlessly definable as a defining moment was the range of issues that black writers covered as its onset. The true origin of this Renaissance is not in any single work that sparked a revolution, but in the various and multiple congregations of mutual interests by those yearning to showcase the remarkable surge of creativeness via the publication of literary magazines and books. Crucial to the movement were magazines such as the Crisis, published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); Opportunity, published by the National Urban League; and The Messenger, a socialist Journal eventually connected with the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a black labor union. These groups attracted many Negro intellectuals who were particularly upset with the rise in violence against blacks in the United States; therefore, theses organization became the driving force for changing the status quo of the Negro. This mutual need to help one another was a primeval component in changing the movement from a purely literary standpoint into one that incorporated all fine arts; it also played an important role in turning the Harlem Renaissance into a search for a new identity for an ethnic group previously defined by centuries of oppression. Although the artists created vivacious and lasting works of literature, art and music, the Harlem Renaissance quickly became Just as important for the way in which it gave African-Americans a real culture and a pride in acknowledging and embracing that culture. .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .postImageUrl , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:hover , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:visited , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:active { border:0!important; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:active , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: High and Late Renaissance Period EssayPrior to this era, the representations of African-Americans in American literature were that of the illiterate and inferior peasant who made his or her living in the dirt of the cotton fields. The intellects contributed to the importance of the Harlem Renaissance by understanding and contributing to its purpose in creating positive role models for the Negro everywhere. One of the most important traits of the Harlem Renaissance is that teamwork was considered a better way to help individual works rather than to compete. An intuitive sense that any single artistic effort was going to define all others created an effort by everyone involved to create a cultural tapestry that served not Just other artists, but audiences as well. In reality, this cultural movement essentially created the idea of the black intellectual for both Americans and Europeans. Furthermore, the creation of the New Negro in Harlem represented the liberation of the last relics of chattel slavery, those of low esteem and even uncertainty and self-revulsion. Appraisers, however, query whether the Renaissance actually accomplished its goals of creating a new identity for the Negro separated from the history of slavery. One of the denunciations is that by trying to create a distinct culture detached from the past cruelties and even the influence of Anglo- European customs it succeeded only in alienation. A more powerful denunciation is that the Harlem Renaissance duplicated only the specific identity of the middle class, intelligent elites of an ethnic group trying to sway its background and views on a population still dominated by lower-class and illiterate people. Yet, another criticism is that the very goal of forging an identity for an entire ethnic group and socially enlightening them was utterly impractical because the vast numbers of African Americans were mostly oblivious of it or knew it only as history. The foundation of all criticisms of the Harlem Renaissance is that it encloses an inevitable element of two- fixedness in that it tried to produce a distinct identity that was centered primarily on white society and educational system. In fact, the central theme that can be concluded from all of the criticism is that it tried to accomplish little more than a lack representation of the white middle class establishment. What is not up for argument is the actual value of the artistic contributions of the era. James Weldon Johnson is an iconic figure in the initiation of the Harlem Renaissance both as writer and editor. He had written the contentious Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man and had also edited the book of American Negro Poetry. This collection showcased quite a few of the Renaissances most artistic poets, including Longboats Hughes, a man who became legendary in the literary world, Hughes possessed a passion for music and mentioned as a medium by showcasing the importance of traditional black folk music. Zorn Neal Hurst published a literary magazine that collapsed almost immediately because of funding issues, but was influential nevertheless. Hurst later achieved immortality with her book Their Eyes were Watching God. Literature was not the only art that defined the Harlem Renaissance. In fact, the music of the era may have been more significant in defining the uniqueness of the common Negro than the literary accomplishments. The music became a channel of communication, while providing inspiration to the literary achievements of writers and dramatists. Jazz surged into the arena of respectability and became symbolic as the essence of the urban way of life. The first Jazz performers were Bessie Smith, Duke Elongating, Charlie Parker and Billie Holiday. Added to this, Longboats Hughes specifically set out to bridge the gap between music and literature by adding the rhythms of Jazz into his poetry while Claude McKay used the ambiance of Jazz in his novel, Home to Harlem. Harlem Renaissance, therefore, epitomizes an attempt to combine artistic channels to construct an identity of artistic expression which is often views as the apex of human creation. It is from this view point that the Renaissance can be propelled to being much more than a metaphor which speaks to comparison, but rather this makes the Renaissance an exemplary worthy of imitation. The visual arts were also a vital component in stimulating the notion of a universality of individuality among blacks during the Harlem Renaissance. Aaron Douglas was head of the Department of Art at Fist University, where he exercised substantial influence over up and coming artists. He truly embraced the status of being the most important visual artist during the glory days of Harlem Renaissance, focusing on large murals hat brought to the fore the accomplishments of African-Americans all through history. .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .postImageUrl , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:hover , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:visited , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:active { border:0!important; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:active , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Famous People in During the Harlem RenaissanceDouglas showed one of the undercurrents that drove the Harlem Renaissance, which was calling attention to value and contributions of blacks to the advancement of America. Implicit in that goal was the even greater goal of spurring future generations to even greater accomplishments and pride in their culture. Surely, the most long-lasting effect of the Harlem Renaissance may have been the one which entrenched upon the education of African Americans. The innovative endeavor of Negroes proved that stereotype of black inferiority was null and void. The enlightening legacy of the Harlem Renaissance was not simply one in which more blacks saw the significance of education but it was one which saw an intensification in the importance and availability of high education. After the renaissance, more African Americans than ever, enrolled in colleges and universities. However, it was education that African Americans obtained. Since the socio-political actualities of racism divided America either indirectly or openly in nearly every work of literature produced during this period, the Harlem Renaissance is acknowledged for generating militancy borne by that pursuit of knowledge. Anytime a people, who is exposed to an education system at a level they have been deprived of, it is only expected that certain quarters to identify the radical aspects of the denial of that education. Hence, there was a beginning of consciousness among African Americans across America that agreements made had not been kept from Reconstruction through World War I. The Renaissance essentially had the effect of deepening the sense of unfair discrimination by displaying how it could be achieved through much more indirect methods than chattel slavery or the Jim Crow Laws. A significant amount of the intellects of the movement urged that discrimination of this type be challenged and overcome. It could only be through education that the real issues African Americans met in a racially divided world could be dealt with, and as such the literature and art of this period forced black audiences to become to embrace education so that they could understand what they were reading or looking at. During the period of the Harlem Renaissance, African-Americans for the first time had an honest reason to experience pride and rejoice in their identity. Out of Harlem came works of literary, classical and fine arts that spoke of the contribution of their race and forced white supremacist groups to accept their contributions. In that moment in time, the entire world looked at Harlem as the future of artistic expression. The artistic works were grasped by scholars as a means of showcasing the idea that African-Americans no longer needed to classify themselves with a history of suppression and subsidiaries. The Harlem Renaissance produced novelists, poets, artists and musicians who are today considered some of the finest that America ever produced, regardless of the lour of ones skin. That, in fact, may be the ultimate achievement of the Harlem Renaissance. After the tremendous flood of artistic accomplishments that crossed every medium available, these Negro men and women and the works they created could no longer be treated with the grudging respect of great African-American art. Today the finest books, poems, music and artwork are universally recognized as simply great American art. Thus, in addition to the burst of creativity in the artistic and intellectual explosion, the Harlem Renaissance should be recognized for its nutrition to changing the self-image of the Negro; a rise in self-esteem that would eventually transform into the Civil Rights Movement of the asses and changed the identity of America forever. Indeed it was not a convenient metaphor but a celebration of African American heritage and cultural expression that continues to have positive effects on the social, intellectual and economic stature of African Americans and the Diaspora. 1. Bio True Story, Aaron Douglas Biography. 2. Houston Koala, Harlem. 3. Huggins Nathan, Harlem Renaissance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971) . Kramer Victor and Robert Russ, Harlem Renaissance Re-Examined (New York: Whitish Publishing Company, 1997) 5.

Israelites and the Babylonian Exile essays

Israelites and the Babylonian Exile essays The Babylonian exile took place during 597-538 BCE. It occurred because King Nebuchadnezzar sent the Babylonian army to lay siege to Jerusalem after Jehoiakims attempt to escape from Babylonian dominance with the assistance of Egypt. The people of Jerusalem tried to avoid the wrath of the Babylonians by killing Jehoiakim and replacing him with his son Jehoiachin, but that didnt stop the Babylonians from taking Jehoiachin and several thousand Israelite's into exile. To replace Jehoiachin, the Babylonians appointed his uncle Zedekiah, a son of Josiah who ruled for ten years until he tried to break free of Babylonian rule. The people of Judah believed that the exile was proof of Yahwehs displeasure for the people betraying Yahweh and allowing the mosaic laws and Jewish practices to become corrupt. Many people were forced to resettle in abandoned areas of central Babylonia where they worked and tried to form a viable communal lifestyle hundreds of miles from their homeland. The main people forced to relocate were professionals, priests, craftsmen, and the wealthy. Meanwhile the people of the land were allowed to stay seeing that they didnt pose as much as a threat due to their lack of knowledge. Yahweh was very angry with Israelite's and stated, As I banished Israel from my presence, so will I also banish Judah, and I will reject this city that I chose, Jerusalem, and the house where I said my name would live (2 Kgs 23:26-7). Not even Josiahs good virtue could overcome that that Yahweh was very displeased with the Israelite's that he then decided to punish the following generations due to the previous generations guilt. Even though the Israelite's are exiled, that does not mean they cannot return. They can only return if they follow the command of loving Yahweh with not only their hearts and minds but as well as their souls and strength. Since the Israelite's were separated fr...

One of the 10 amendments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One of the 10 amendments - Essay Example Such amendments appear all the more relevant when we consider United States as a flag bearer of human rights and the government of the day tries to make sure that countries around the globe adhere to such a policy and this becomes an internationally accepted norm. The UN Human Rights day and the guidelines put forward by the United Nations for the nations of the world to follow towards ensuring the human rights of their citizens is a testimony of the importance of such rights. Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion and Petition; Right to keep and bear arms; Conditions for quarters of soldiers; Right of search and seizure regulated; Provisions concerning prosecution; Right to a speedy trial, witnesses, etc.; Right to a trial by jury; Excessive bail, cruel punishment; Rule of construction of Constitution; Rights of the States under Constitution Though some countries had such rights included in their constitution prior to US, but most of the nations were subsequently guided by these amendments towards protecting their citizens. But the passage of the Bill of Rights in US was also criticized by some congressmen in the early stages of its introduction.

World Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

World Civilization - Essay Example In general terms, it is a term that stands for the close ties between people and states of the world culturally, economically and politically (Ostrom, n.d). Proponents perceive that, civilization has played a key role especially in political sphere an argument which has received major backing from civilization nationalists. For example, they have a uniting factor in the view that International institutions such as World Trade Organization have positively influenced political ties among member states. Dividing the two sides in the middle is the issue and the role of technology in globalization (Mancur, 1965). Proponents have identified with the remarkable positive contributions predisposed by technology such as faster access to information and more jobs created such us the online jobs. On the flip side, critics have expressed deep reservations on the security lapses that technology has exposed most countries to as a result of technology. They have also expressed concerns on global mor al decadence that has been wide spread as a result of civilization through technology (Clough, 1990). Civilization has destabilized the stand of poorer states and uncovered people to dangerous and harmful competition. Their concern is rational and understandable especially since the gap between the poor and the rich has become more prevalent in recent ages. Poverty can be deliberated in various ways, for instance, relative to a nation’s individual average consumption level or in terms of well being of citizens. By common agreement, civilization has increased rapidly since early nineteen eighties. If civilization leads to poverty, then Nations that have been economically incorporated through trade and investment should be worse. But, some nations in the world have become more integrated into global economy have made tremendous progress while others like Sub-Saharan Africa that have remained in isolation and have experienced a sharp decline (Clough, 1990). The fissure or gap be tween the poor and the rich groups of people in the world has increased. Inequality would rise with this tremendous increase in poverty. One of the common feature discussions connecting poverty and civilization is the general conception from the stance of impoverishment to lead to world developments. When governments accumulate debts in private markets engaging a decline in world demand for their products, prices of common goods would undergo depreciation leading to recession. Underdeveloped countries and small business owners are at distant from adjusting their technology as often as their developed, larger, wealthier counterparts. Due to inability to merge with wealthy and multinational firms, small firms and underdeveloped countries are pushed to carry on their businesses locally thus never expanding and reaching their full capacity. Technological advances are being made each day all over the world but the bad news is that they are proving to be unaffordable. This high cost of pr oduction leads to fixed consumer prices, which are high. Civilization has become a weapon in the politics of oppositional activities, rallying on the idea that of diverse global ills. Civilization is viewed as a symbol of civilization threat. The main argument behind it is that it tends to refer the United States and other developed countries as hegemonic powers that promote civilization for their own benefits. In turn, they harm the cultural, environmental, and economic interests of other countries of the world. Instead of establishing a universal human progress, it has made the gap between the poor and the rich to widen. About beliefs, the Constantine worshiped Christianity because he grew up in a background that believed in

Development of a Policy Document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Development of a Policy Document - Essay Example This essay stresses that the first of the non-physical elements is that clinical staff likely to be exposed to the infection during the pandemic must be given anti-viral vaccinations to boost their immunity to reduce their contracting the infection. Such a step is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the United States of America as vaccination is the primary prevention method. In addition to the anti viral vaccine to boost the prevention steps all clinical staff must go on an antiviral drug regime. Anyone of the antiviral drugs of oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine or rimantadine may be used for this purpose (Plans, 2008). In spite of all these measures, should a clinical staff suspect signs of influenza, then the clinical staff should remain at home and not come to work reducing the risk of transmission of the infection. The normal period during which it is possible to transmit the infection is five days and so this isolation period should be for a mini mal period of five days This paper makes a conclusion that the potential risk for an influenza pandemic is high and can occur at any time. Developing policy documents to address the various aspects of an influenza pandemic is thus a real concern. Clinical staffs are at a high risk for contracting the infection due to the nature of their work. This paper develops a policy document with the objective of minimizing the risk of clinical staff contracting the infection as they go about their job functions.

Jetsmart Engineering Parts Management System

Jetsmart Engineering Parts Management System Jetsmart Engineering parts management system Q: What were the main factors that played a major role in the flop of the $40 million project? This report was commissioned to examine the failure of an IT project called Jetsmart at Qantas airlines. The project initially costed $40 million but miserably failed to stand up to its expectations. We interrogated the potential reasons of the failure with the help of information and data available online. Methods of analyzing included questioning the scope of the project, identification of key stake holders and difficulties in communication due to complex IT structure at Qantas. Most of the IT projects by Qantas faced failures even though they have invested millions of dollars on IT. These failures had a huge impact on Qantas but that didnt stop them from investing in IT. Qantas began its long haul modernization plan simply after the organizations IT framework had turned out to be perplexing and awkward. This evident lack of common sense put the whole overhaul program, including its individual venture segments, at expanded hazard. The purpose of the project Jetsmart was to provide assistance to the engineers in the repairing of aircrafts. But it actually increased their workload and they completely refused to use the system. One of the major reason was that engineers (eventual users) were not engaged in the development phase of the project. They had no say in this until project was actually implemented. They lacked proper training and knowledge regarding the usage of the new software. Besides this, unstructured top level management was another factor which played a vital role in projects failure. It lacks proper communication ability with the mechanics and engineers. Only if there was flexibility within the communication channel, this project might have been cancelled in the initial stages. This could have saved Qantas a lot of time and not to mention $40 million. Qantas Airways is the banner transporter aircraft of Australia and its biggest carrier by armada estimate, universal flights and global goals. It is the third most seasoned carrier on the planet, after KLM and Avianca having been established in November 1920. It started worldwide traveler flights in May 1935. As of March 2014, Qantas had a 65% share of the Australian residential market and conveyed 14.9% of all travelers going all through Australia. It additionally works different auxiliary aircrafts to local focuses and on some trunk courses inside Australia under the QantasLink standard. Its backup Jetconnect gives benefits amongst Australia and New Zealand, flying under the Qantas mark. Qantas likewise possesses Jetstar Airways, a minimal effort carrier that works both universal administrations from Australia and local administrations inside Australia and New Zealand; and holds stakes in various other Jetstar-marked aircrafts. In February, 2008, Qantas scratched off Jetsmart, a $40 million engineering parts IT system. Inability to draw in the specialists who might be the possible clients of the framework into the prerequisites and configuration forms brought about a framework that the users esteemed to be unusable once it was propelled. After only a couple of years in operation (amid which time some staff declined to utilize it and unions undermined mechanical activity), the framework was dumped and another framework was presented. In this report we will examine the significance of IT in Qantas carriers and research the potential explanations behind the disappointment of such ventures. In spite of the fact that contributing a great many dollars on IT (roughly $430.98 million AUD on yearly premise since 2005), a large portion of the ventures did by Qantas were brought about to disappointment. The effect of these disappointments was cataclysmic for Qantas Group, however despite everything they have faith in putting resources into IT.   Main focus will be on the engineering parts management system JetSmart. What were the main factors that played a major role in the flop of the $40 million project? And how those factors could have been avoided if the project was to be successful? The Qantas Groups long term vision is to achieve the status of worlds best premium airline as well as best low fare carriers. As indicated by the financial review report, Qantas are concentrating on five basic objectives keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish this. These objectives are safety is our first priority, right aircraft right routes, customer service excellence, operational efficiency and two strong complementary brands. IT has helped the flight business flourish. In todays aggressive world IT and Business methodologies ought to be firmly adjusted to make progress particularly in the carrier business. At Qantas it is trusted that the IT systems determine the business methodologies. Safety is Our First Priority: To accomplish worlds best well-being hones so as to give clients sentiment security IT finds flyers who may posture danger to others in flight utilizing database frameworks. Utilization of amazing scanners for examining of things can likewise uncover things that could be of potential danger to different flyers. Right Aircrafts Right Routes: Fleet restoration with better navigational framework, giving ideal courses to flyers. Online flight booking uncovers ideal courses. Realizing that you are in the right flight by legitimate filtering of tickets by means of the scanners before loading onto the flight. Customer Service Excellence: Qantas views fabulous client benefit as the foundation of the business. IT conveys Qantas administrations nearer to the client. It permits 24 hours a day and 365 days consistently benefit, for instance online flight booking framework. It helps data in a flash be accessible for the clients. IT additionally catches client inputs by means of sites or portable appointments which help to additionally enhance services. Operational Efficiency: Significant IT anticipates are in progress to help expand profitability at Qantas. Private email administrations and groupware help in better joint effort between offices, representatives, clients and providers at Qantas. IT helps rushing the improvement of more open and inventive societies that can prompt to Operational Efficiency. Two Strong Complementary Brands: For Qantas and Jetstar to be the best premium and low charge brands, online pursuit of various carriers flight times and tolls can help Qantas contend. Because of the quick extension of the Airline Industry and the focused way of charges and flight bargains, interest in IT is vital as it can prompt to development which will give Qantas driving edge. Qantas had made a substantial investment in venture Jetsmart in mid-2004, which was viewed as a vital initial phase in the organizations interest in new data innovation frameworks to drive its support, repair and upgrade operations. The Jetsmart framework was an interval stage to hold together Qantas current frameworks until they settled on a substitution framework. Consequently Jetsmart will in time be eliminated and the new framework will supplant it. In February, 2008, Qantas drop Jetsmart, a management framework usage that cost them $40 million. Issues with the venture backpedal to no less than 2004, when the union entered a debate with Qantas, asserting the product pointlessly expanded its individuals workload. It obliged engineers to do extra information section and bookkeeping work. Around then, the union exhorted mechanics utilized at Qantas to not help with the execution. Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association government secretary Steve Purvinas said support specialists discovered Jetsmart unusable. Mr Purvinas faulted the issues with Jetsmart for Qantas administration, which he said was not doing whats needed to elevate experienced engineers to senior administrative parts. Purvinas clarified the product was inadequately outlined and hard to utilize, and that engineers didnt get adequate training. Management is not qualified to determine what the software needs. Jetsmart was a white elephant that didnt work. When you have an airplane holding 400 passengers that needs repair, you fix the plane, not play with software, said Mr. Purvinas. (Qantas to Axe 40 Million IT System) Qantas Engineering executive general manager David Cox admitted there were problems with the Jetsmart system. Mr Cox said During the development phase some issues arose with the system, training and the management of change. It became obvious that the IT structure at Qantas is complex. There was again huge loss of revenue and another major IT project failure which again cost loss of shares and investors pulling plug on investments. Attitude towards the engineers that resulted to strike gave the management bad reputation. Media embarrassment for Qantas continued as they had no faith in their engineers and began outsourcing maintenance, repair and overhaul operations. (Qantas Why Do Projects Fail?) There were many causes regarding the scope and implementation of the project. Conflict between stakeholders and lack of change managements vision led to the disastrous failure of the whole project. Failed to identify key stakeholders Qantas should have identify the people and groups that were important to the success or failure of the project. In case of Qantas, upper tier and middle tier should have had continuous communications with the engineering department and considered them a key stake holder for the success of the Jetsmart. Qantas considered only the management department which wasnt a viable alternative to the important of the engineering sector. (Impact of It on Airlines Sector Qantas Group Management Essay) In the process, Qantas should have analyzed and documented relevant information with respect to both the management and engineering sector of their interests, interdependencies, influence, involvement, and potential impact on the success of the project. Lack of stakeholder engagement Stake holder engagement was another issue in the process of the implementation of Jet Smart. There should have been emphasis on continuous communications with stake holders regarding their expectations and needs throughout the project life cycle. This would have helped the company establish the dos and donts of the implementation of the new management system. Change management failure Monitoring of the overall project holder relationship and plan for engaging stakeholders was completely absent in throughout the project implementation. The engineers who were supposed to be the eventual users of the software had no proper knowledge of the system. They were lacking the training on how to effectively and efficiently use the new software. This could have been avoided and couldve eventually led to a possible success of the project. Proper engagement should have been constructed between the management and engineering department as a smooth engagement between two important stakeholders would have contributed to proper resolving of grieve and resentment with the new management system. Complex structure Qantas Group has an unstructured administration that needs correspondence capacity and does not comprehend IT issues. A decentralization of the venture administration and building divisions are imperative so as to expand time and productivity of tasks. Additionally all departmental administrators, financial specialists, extend directors and worker agents should be incorporated into system arranging gatherings to enhance correspondence and to share views. To conclude Qantas has been pretty much out of luck when it comes to undergoing IT projects. Jetsmart was an utter failure of the Qantas group and cost them loss in revenue and reputation. The inability to engage stakeholders (engineers) in the initial stages of the project was one of the factors of project failure. Strong union tides led to the unacceptability of the new software among engineers and mechanics. The scope of the project was to increase the performance of the system and to be more time efficient. Jetsmart But it failed to do so as this scope was not aligned with interests of stakeholders. Eventually the project was dumped by Qantas in 2008. We trust Qantas is balanced for progressing IT disappointment: complex specialized foundation, obsolete legacy frameworks, authority that doesnt comprehend fundamental IT issues, union issues, and a recorded example of disappointment join to paint a questionable future. Its fascinating to take note of the organizations IT consumptions expanded 8% in the second 50% of 2006 and 26% in a similar period for 2007. Now Qanats has replaced the old Jetsmart management system with project Marlin and hopes it will reduce maintenance and repair cost. Lets see what future holds for this new venture. References    Impact of It on Airlines Sector Qantas Group Management Essay. UKEssays. N.p., 2006. Web. 18 Feb. 2017. Krigsman, Michael. Qantas Airways: A Perfect Storm for IT Failure? | Zdnet. ZDNet. N.p., 2017. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Qantas Why Do Projects Fail? Calleam.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 19 Feb. 2017. Qantas to Axe 40 Million IT System. The Australian. N.p., 2017. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.

Cultural References in Ah Mah :: mah

Cultural References in Ah Mah  Ã‚     Ã‚   In almost every piece of literature there can be found references to the author’s or the narrator’s culture. Having an understanding of this culture can help one better understand a literary work. Reading a work that contains references to a culture can also spark interest and inspire the reader to learn more about the culture that is represented in the work. One such piece of literature is the poem "Ah Mah," written by Shirley Geok-lin Lim. This poem contains many references to Chinese culture that are very interesting and inspire curiosity. By researching the culture of China, one can better understand the references to it in "Ah Mah." Then, the poem has more meaning to the reader than if he did not posses any knowledge about Chinese culture. "Ah Mah" is a poem about the author’s grandmother. The author, Lim, describes her grandmother in detail and explains how her grandfather "bought" her grandmother. Lim describes her grandmother as a very small and thin woman (10-11). She gives the impression that her grandmother had a hard life even though it appears that the family had enough money. The fact that the family is Chinese is also very apparent due to the many references to Chinese culture that are made as Lim describes aspects of her grandmother’s life. The first aspect of the grandmother’s life that is a reference to her culture is the mention of silk. In the poem, Lim states that her grandmother "tottered / in black silk" (7-8). This reference may seem unimportant at first glance. However, if one has knowledge of the country of China, it becomes apparent that silk is important. Silk has been a major resource in China since ancient times. A route called the Silk Road was an important path followed by traders who traded goods with the Chinese for raw silk. Silk has been abundant in China for a long time and it was a more common fabric there before it was popular in other places. Silk fabric was still considered a sign of status in China, but it was more easily found there than in other parts of the world ("Chinese Culture"). Another reference to Silk in the poem that is more indirect is "Soochow flower song girl," which is referring to the grandmother (Lim 12). Soochow is a city in China that is also known as Suzhou or Wuxian city.

Compairison of amy tans mother tongue snd orwells shooting an elephant Essay

Even though Tan and Orwell have two different approaches to showing a struggle to fit into society, they are actually in agreement that people who come from different places struggle to fit. This common ground becomes apparent through the emotion behind each authors’ writing. In both Tan and Orwell’s writing they show a variety of feelings. These feelings consist of sadness, anger and bitterness. The first illustration of both authors’ accord is the way each of them express sadness from the way they are treated by those around them. It is especially evident that Tan is saddened by the fact that her mother is poorly treated due to her broken English. Tan states â€Å"But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including people’s perceptions of the limited English speaker† (179). This demonstrates the sadness Tan feels for her mother and the difficulty her mother faces to fit into society, bearing in mind it is nearly impossible to fit in with others if their perceptions are skewed. Orwell faces a similar issue throughout his essay as well. The natives of Burma were extraordinarily boorish towards Orwell simply because he was from England. Orwell shows an example of this by opening his writing with â€Å"In Moulmein, in Lower Burma, I was hated by large numbers of people the only time in my life that I have been important enough for this to happen to me† (229). Hatred from all of Burma for no good reason causes sadness upon Orwell, especially when all he wants is to fit in and not be ridiculed. Evidently when the society one lives in is not accepting of them it becomes a struggle to fit it. Tan and Orwell also display strong feelings of anger in their writings. As Tan continues to write, a change in tone is evident. She starts off placid and calm then progresses to a more aggressive angry tone. An example of this is when Tan complains â€Å"And when the doctor finally called her daughter, me, who spoke in perfect English –lo and behold – we had assurances the CAT scan would be found, promises that a conference call on Monday would be held, and apologies for any suffering my mother had gone through for a most regrettable mistake† (180). The above quote demonstrates a sarcastic tone which signifies the author is fed up, annoyed, and even angry. Orwell communicates angers from the very start of his writing when he  tells of a time he was tripped on the football field. A Burman man purposely tripped Orwell in front of the crowed and they all laughed at him, which irritated him and made him mad. Anger is a very strong emotion in which both authors’ express due to frustration from not fitting into society. An even worse emotion compared to anger is bitterness. Bitterness is a vile, putrid feeling. It shows that you have let something get the best of you. Each author displays bitterness in some form or another. Orwell shot an elephant for the sheer fact that he did not want to seem like a fool. If he was not bitter toward the Burmans he would not have allowed them to get the best of him. As far a Tan goes, she says â€Å"people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her† (180). Tan’s bitterness for the disrespect her mother receives from multiple different people helps her to express her mother’s struggle to fit into society. With everything these two different authors’ have in common its clear they both agree that people from different places struggle to fit in. People from all different cultures and societies struggle to fit in when they go somewhere new. Both authors do a wonderful job at expressing these challenges. They each show as an individual their own personal experiences with struggling to fit into society. Their imagery and emotions make it easy to visualize being in their shoes struggling to overcome the challenges of fitting into society. It is perfectly clear that both author agree upon outsiders struggling to fit into a new society. Works Cited Orwell, George. â€Å"Shooting an Elephant.† Fields of Reading: Motives for Writing. Ed. Nancy R. Comley, et.al. 10th edition. New York: Bedford/St. Martin, 2013. 129-134. Print. Tan, Amy. â€Å"Mother Tongue.† Fields of Reading: Motives for Writing. Ed. Nancy R. Comley, et.al. 10th edition. New York: Bedford/St. Martin, 2013. 178-182. Print.

The Japanese Internment essays

The Japanese Internment essays Throughout history, Canada has relatively been a supporter of multiculturalism. In the past Canada has had very few racial conflict, although there has been one incident which has had quite a controversial effect about human rights violations and discrimination. This thorn in Canada's side is the Japanese Internment which took place during the second world war. The Japanese Internment took place between the years of 1941 and 1949. At the time most of the Japanese population was concentrated in British Columbia, on the West Coast of Canada. The Japanese first immigrated to Canada to work on the rail road in 1900. By 1921 the Japanese population numbered nearly 16000 people and had possessed nearly half of the fishing licenses in British Columbia. In 1941 23000 Japanese were living throughout Canada. On December 7 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. After the attack there government took all Japanese owned boats, radios, and cameras. After the public pressured the government, and they took action and the government moved all Japanese from a 100 mile wide security strip along the B.C. coast. Later the government gave a further statement that declared that all people of Japanese origin were considered aliens until the end of World War II. In the first year of the war the 21000 Japanese who were affected by the war regulations, were sent to various provinces across Canada. The government assured the provinces that the Japanese would stay in agriculture and would be removed after the war, at the provinces request. The remaining 12000 Japanese were taken to Interior Housing Centers in the middle of B.C. These housing centers consisted of four abandoned mining towns and two completely new communities. During the internment the Canadian Government claimed all the Japanese's land and possessions and sold them for a factor of the original cost. The government called this land claim's. ...

Endangered Fetuses essays

Endangered Fetuses essays When I think of outside forces effecting a growing fetus I automatically think of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, these environmental agents that can cause damage are known as teratogens. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is the all encompassing diagnoses that includes, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial fetal alcohol syndrome (p-FAS), and alcohol related neuro-developmental disorder (ARND). Prenatal alcohol exposure can have serious and permanent adverse effects on children. The extent and severity of a child' s condition depends on several factors, such as how much alcohol the pregnant mother consumed and how often and at what point during her pregnancy she drank. Usually with heavy drinking the most serious outcome fetal alcohol syndrome arises. This is characterized by 3 main points, slow physical growth, a distinctive pattern of abnormal facial features and central nervous system disorders. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome effects the entire growth process for babies because the brain is in development from the third week of pregnancy, however there are critical areas, it would affect weeks 9-20 the most because that is the time when they are most susceptible. By the second trimester most of the brains billions of neurons are already in place but the cells that support and feed the neurons known as glial cells are increasing at a rapid rate, from now until even after birth the brain weight will increase ten times over. During the last 3 months of pregnancy the cerebral cortex where most of human intelligence lies enlarges and continues to grow. The most brain growth occurs during this time, the brain also begins to "wrinkle" inside the skull promoting maximum surface area for a small skulls that still needs to go through the birth canal. It is for these reasons that these times in prenatal development from the 9th week up to the 38th week are so important for the mother to abs tain from alcohol and let the brain develop. Prenatal alcohol exposu...

Compare and Contrast the drive participatory styles of management, Essay

Compare and Contrast the drive participatory styles of management, describe which one would you use and why - Essay Example Such an approach encourages the employees to improve their productivity and performance because when they do their job well, they are rewarded. In such a participatory management style, employees can see the way their contributions add value to the organization. Yet another style of participatory management is the shared decision-making management style in which employees complete surveys, take part in focus groups, brainstorming sessions, and achieve specific tasks in self-monitored groups. A common feature of all the different styles of participatory management is that they consist of a type of share decision-making (McQuerrey). I would use the recognition management style of participatory management. I prefer this style of management because this provides the employees with incentives to improve their productivity and efficiency at the workplace. Sometimes, it is in the best interest of the management to control the level of transparency in the workplace. Too much transparency becomes the cause of undue conflicts and misunderstandings. I believe that a manager should be in charge and control the discipline and work, and reward the ones that deserve according to his/her judgment and criteria. Such a positive attitude fosters trust between the manager and the employees (Raeside

Nurses Involved in Lawsuits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nurses Involved in Lawsuits - Research Paper Example Case ‘Patricia Fierle and Daniel Fierle, Husband And Wife, Appellants, vs. Jorge Perez M.D., Ltd., A Nevada Professional Corporation, D/B/A Sierra Nevada Oncology Care; Jorge Perez, M.D., Ph.D, MRCP, MRCPATH, An Individual; Linda Lesperance, R.N., APN-C, An Individual; Charmaine Cruet, R.N., APN-C, An Individual; and Melissa Mitchell, R.N., An Individual, Respondents.’ (Lexis-Nexis, 2009) The case was heard in the Supreme Court of Nevada. A brief history of this case is that it was also heard and dismissed in the district court, repudiating a post judgment motion (Lexis-Nexis, 2009). Overview Mrs. Fierle, Daniel’s wife was a patient under chemotherapy at the medical facility, Jorge Perez M.D., Ltd. She suffered burns on her skin as a result of this treatment and the husband and wife filed a case against Jorge Perez M.D., Ltd. They sued the facility but the action was dismissed by the court. The claims were of ‘medical malpractice’ (Lexis-Nexis, 2009), and the people who are the target were Jorge Perez, Linda Lesperance, Melissa Mitchell and Charmaine Cruet. The affidavit requirement of Nev. Rev. Stat.  §41A.071, (Lexis-Nexis, 2009) was applicable and the requirement was to file expert affidavits ‘non-res for ipsa loquitur claims’ (Lexis-Nexis, 2009), but the couple failed to attach them, however in case of assistants like the nurses, there is no such requirement, which is why under Nev. Rev. Stat.  § 41A.100 (1) (Lexis-Nexis, 2009), registered nurse was accused of professional negligence. Facts Patricia had been diagnosed with breast cancer in 2005 and she was under treatment at the John Perez medical facility, she had mastectomy, and a catheter was put in her chest, so that chemotherapy medicines could be instilled. One part of the catheter was attached to the subclavian vein, so this setting would let the caretaker administer the chemo medicine via a needle inserted in the catheter. Chemotherapy was to be admi nistered under the supervision of Dr. Perez and her nurses Charmaine Cruet, Linda Lesperance and Melissa Mitchell. Mitchell was the only registered nurse (being a registered nurse is very important for legal accusations). On her third visit, Patricia felt something was wrong during chemotherapy. According to the patient’s narrative, Mitchell’s chemo administration did not go into the catheter, instead it went into the tissue, causing a skin burn, known as the â€Å"extravasation† (Lexis-Nexis, 2009). She complained of the pain but medical attention was not given. The other day, a nurse noticed red spot on her chest and sent her to radiologist, which after ultrasound test, confirmed that catheter tip was not in subclavian vein but in the tissue. Patricia went to another doctor, Dr. Miercort, for her treatment, who also provided the affidavit for the case that â€Å"negligent extravasation† (Lexis-Nexis, 2009) had ensued by previous treatment. Patricia†™s claim in the court says that Mitchell failed to provide due care while administering chemo and that negligence caused her severe burn over her right shoulder and in subclavian region with epirubicin (Lexis-Nexis, 2009). Strategy to prevent it NSCA ("Standards and competencies," 2012) has issued a report how doctors and nurses can be extra careful while administeri

Chinas Speedy Development in the Past Three Decades Essay

Chinas Speedy Development in the Past Three Decades - Essay Example Domestic policies have seen China’s economic development rise and continue to grow, even as other large world economies experience negative or stagnant growth. These policies opened up China to foreign trade and investment leading to a fast-growing economy in the recent decades; moreover, the domestic policies supported industrialization and structural change stimulates growth. They aim at developing strong and sustained investments that are driven at the very low levels, thus empowering the poor and uplifting their financial status (United Nations, 2012 p. 39). Effective management and proper implementation of the laid down policy frameworks have lead achievement of substantial strides in the developing China’s economy. The formulation of domestic policies established reforms in various sectors of the economy such as agriculture, industry, trade and foreign investment, which has also seen economic growth and human development. Reforms in the agricultural sector alleviated extreme poverty and food shortages; food prices also fell as the agricultural income was on the rise. In the industrial sector, there was large-scale privatization of enterprises owned previously owned by the local government. This encouraged growth of the private sector, and increased their output and increased the revenue to the economy. Initially, China’s economy centrally controlled, vastly inefficient and isolated from the global economy but with reforms to policies on trade and foreign investments, the economy improved to achieve a steady growth rate each year (Sahoo et al, 2010 p. 3).

Transformational Leadership Essay Example for Free

Transformational Leadership Essay What are the most important concepts you have learned this week? I have understood that a skillful leader must be an example for his followers. I have realized that the chances to become a leader are not very high and if I don’t become leader I’ll be able to apply my leadership skills to the role of follower and thus will become useful for team work. What would you recommend to your management/leadership based on these concepts? During last week I have realized that to be a leader means to be highly responsible and to be a leader means more than simply giving instructions. Skillful leader may sometime act as follower and it won’t mean that the leader is weak or his followers are stronger. It means that leader should act logically. How will these concepts impact you personally and professionally? The key elements of leader’s success are certainly communication, responsibility, planning, consistency and motivational. After having read lots of relevant materials I have realized that many difficult situations have made me stronger and provided me with leadership characteristics. Thus nowadays I am successfully equipped with all of them at my working place. What is the value-added from these concepts, or what differences can these concepts make to your organization? The value –added from these concepts are the same as in the previous week. They are to reduce misunderstanding, mistakes, miscomputations as well as to increase good communication, mutual respect and motivation of every team member. It is necessary to understand your own virtues and characteristics in order to find out whether you are a natural leader. Describe important references used this week. List the references in proper APA style. Ackoff, R. L. (1999). Transformational Leadership. Strategy Leadership, 27, 20–25. Avolio, B. J. , Yammarino, F. J. (2002). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead. Greenwich, CT: JAI. Bass, B. M. (1990). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press. Bass, B. M. (1990). Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications (3rd ed. ). New York: The Free Press. Bal, V. , Quinn, L. (2004). The Missing Link: Organizational Culture and Leadership Development. In M. Wilcox S. Rush (Eds. ). The CCL Guide to Leadership in Action: How Managers and Organizations Can Improve the Practice of Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 163-171. Characteristics of Good Followers. (2006). Retrieved November 5, 2006, from http://www. ssu. missouri. edu/faculty/rcampbell/Leadership/chapter5. html. Clark, D. (2005, April 2). Concepts of Leadership. Retrieved November 5, 2006, from http://www. nwlink. com/~donclark/leader/leadcon. html. Leadership. (2006, November 3). Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 5, 2006, from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Leadershipoldid=85498479. Life Issues In-Focus – Dealing With Stress: Visioform Personal Growth. Retrieved November 5, 2006 from

East of Eden Essay: Criticism of East of Eden -- East Eden Essays

Criticism of East of Eden      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possibly the best piece of criticism I discovered was an essay by Joseph Wood Krutch. Krutch begins by making a statement praising the enormous amount of energy that is required for a book with the scope of East of Eden. Very briefly, Krutch summarizes the novel and draws an analogy between it and The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann. Krutch points out that in this novel, Steinbeck has avoided falling into the trap of writing a melodramatic as he has in some other pieces. Krutch says of Steinbeck: "Never, I think, not even in The Grapes of Wrath, has he exhibited such a grip upon himself and his material." (Krutch 370) Krutch points out that, especially in the first third of the book, the character parallels to symbolic figures are rather distracting, but become less so as the book progresses. Steinbeck is often associated with writers who hold deterministic philosophies and are moral relativists, but Krutch asserts "it is difficult to imagine how any novel could more e xplicitly reject [these values]." (Krutch 370) Krutch assigns East of Eden the position of determining Steinbeck's position as a moralist and ends his review by stating "there is no question whether Mr. Steinbeck has written an intensely interesting and impressive book." (Krutch 371) Harvey Curtis Webster was the author of another review I found helpful. He begins with the very blunt statement that "it will take almost equal quantities of pride and stupidity to deny that it is one of the best novels of the past ten years and the best book John Steinbeck has written since the Grapes of Wrath." (Webster 369) To conclude his strong opening paragraph Webster states "It is to be doubted it any American novel has better chronicled ou... ...ress. 1957. pp. 302-305. Rpt. In Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. David Marowski. Vol 45 Detroit: Gale, 1987. pp. 370- 371 Neary, Walter. "About John Steinbeck". 27 Nov. 2001 <http://www.steinbeck.org/About.html>. Steinbeck, John. Grapes of Wrath. 1939. New York: Penguin, 1973. Steinbeck, John IV Nancy Steinbeck, and Andrew Harvey. Other Side of Eden. Prometheus Books. Feb. 2001. Various contributors. "Amazon.com Buying Information." Amazon.com <http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/0140186395/ customer-reviews/qid=1007248185/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_75_1/102-8744870-2692125>. 28 Nov. 2001 Webster, Harvey Curtis. Out of the New Born Sun. Saturday Review, New York. Vol. XXXV. No. 38. 20 Sept 1952. pp. 11-12. Rpt. In Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. David Marowski. Vol 45 Detroit: Gale, 1987. pp. 369-370