The Ethics Of Abortion Essay Example For Students

The Ethics Of Abortion Essay Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter!The Ethics Of AbortionAbortion is a very controversial subjectthat has been continually argued over for the past few years and probablymany years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized?First before we get into the many sides of abortion we must first defineabortion. Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child whilethe child is still in the mothers womb. This can be done by almost anyonefrom the mother herself to back alley abortions and even to abortions byclinics set up especially for this purpose. There are two sides to thisabortion topic the PRO-LIFE which is those who are against abortion altogetherand the PRO- CHOICE or those who believe it is the womans right to chooseif she wants to have an abortion. These two groups offer different solutionsto problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically livewith it. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solutio nis abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate. Although abortionis morally and ethically wrong should it be legal for victims of rape orincest who have no other alternative?There is no real answer to this controversy,there are two sides to it though which have been arguing for many yearsover the subject. The first is the pro-life group. This group does notbelieve in the abortion factor. To understand where the pro-life standswe must first understand its beliefs and reasons for its beliefs. Thenwe can discuss what their solution to the abortion topic is. We will write a custom essay on The Ethics Of Abortion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Pro-life believes that rape and incestare very emotional topics. They often elicit throughout the populationfeelings of revulsion; people draw back from the issue of rape and incest. People dont know how to handle a person who is in that much pain. Thereis no quick fix. That is why it is difficult for even pro-life people tocome to grips with the argument over abortion in cases of rape and incest.Some of those who are pro-life will allowabortion in these cases because they dont know what else they can do forthe victim and except it as a rare case. But it is known that allowingabortion in these cases usually does not help the victim, instead it onlyworsens the problem because the victims needs are not being met. But what the facts suggest is that onlya minority of rape and incest victims actually choose abortion. This iswhere pro-life has its biggest problem. Pro-life states that Abortionis not usually chosen as the immediate solution for rape and incest victimsbut that is the prevailing belief of the general population. A woman hasbeen raped and made pregnant: Oh, shes got to have an abortion. No onehas studied the rape and incest victims needs; abortion is presumed tofill her needs.Various studies and research indicate thatrape and incest victims fall into a high-risk category of abortion. Butwhat happens after a victim has an abortion? Jackie Baker a victim states:I soon discovered that the aftermath of my abortion continued a long timeafter the memory of my rape had faded. I felt empty and horrible. Nobodytold me about the emptiness and pain I would feel deep within causing nightmaresand deep depressions. They all told me that after the abortion I couldcontinue with my life as if nothing ever happened. (Reardon 21- 22) Thisis the story we hear from a lot of aborted women. Today in our societyit is believed by most people that it is the womans fault just as muchas the mans fault, if not more. many people think women are responsiblefor contributing to the rape itself. Then the rape victims feel self-blameand guilt. And even then a rape or incest victims family members or closefriends may reinforce these negative feelings. Or they drop the problembecause they dont know how to talk about it. We even see the same thing in the abortionexperience. When a person becomes pregnant because of rape or incest thereis a permanent symbol of the rape, at least until it is aborted. Womenwho have had abortions fear being rejected by God and loved ones. It isa very traumatic experience which takes time. The fact is that you arereally telling your loved ones of a death in the family. Opinion polls have shown for years thatwomen are more against abortion than men are. The women led the oppositionof abortion. In 1983 a Los Angelos Times poll found that only 47% of women(compared with 51% of men) favored the general availability of abortion.(Pro Life Feminism: Pro-Woman, Pro-Life 6) So what is this telling us?The facts are very clear men prefer abortion over women by a large percent. And most women do not agree with abortion. So why does it still exist today?What pro-life feels is really happeningis that in our society today abortion is becoming the solution to carelessness. Abortion does nothing to help the victims rape, and that is the problemthey are trying to address in the first place. Instead abortion encouragesthe victim to vent their anger out on others. .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c , .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .postImageUrl , .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c , .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c:hover , .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c:visited , .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c:active { border:0!important; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c:active , .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44944dcad43f36f173c0ef8f7b4d449c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rosa parks EssayPro-life also believes that child birthon the other hand can be a victory. For those victims who chose childbirthover abortion it can be a triumph. It can state that the victim is notgoing to let rape destroy her life. When the needs of pregnant victimsis closely examined it can be shown that abortion is not the answer andis in fact only worsening the problem. (Reardon 21-22)But the worst strain abortion has on thevictim is mental strain. Many victims become confused and overwhelmed byfeelings they thought they would never have, and dont know what to do. After having an abortion victims thought they had solved the problem butin fact they had really just started a whole new one. Many victims beganthinking there was something wrong with them and began to doubt themselvesin situations that they would normally be sure of themselves. Others plungeinto deep depressions which they dont come out of for weeks at end. Thisis one of the worst side effects of having an abortion and most women dontrealize it will happen to them because they are too busy trying to correctthe immediate problem.. Pro-life persons dont have any reasonto be ashamed to defend pro-life view in the case of rape and incest. Theyfeel the ones who should be ashamed are the pro-abortionists who have beenexploiting the problems of the victims. Pro-choice has a different view to thiswhole abortion controversy. Pro-choice believes that it is the personsright to have an abortion if they want to and that no one should interferewith that right. Pro-choice has many reasons for feeling this way. Firstlets talk about who has abortions and why they have abortions. There are1.6 million abortions in the United States every year, there is no realspecial class of people who have abortions. Why does pro-choice feel that abortionis all right? Well pro-choice believes that the answer is what the womanbelieves. The most common reason for abortions is when contraception fails. What is a person suppose to do when the birth control method fails? Thefact is that contraceptive failure led to 1.6 to 2 million of the 3.3 millionunwanted pregnancies in the United States in 1987. These pregnancies accountfor about half of the 1.5 million abortions performed every year. Besidesthese reasons for abortion women also give researchers other reasons forgetting an abortion. In 1987 a survey of 1,900 women at 30 abortionfacilities were asked, why do women have abortions? The women could giveas many reasons as they wanted, and most of the women responded with oneor more of these top six reasons:1. Concerned about how having a baby couldchange her life, 92 percent. 2. Not mature enough or too young to havea child, 81 percent. 3. Cant afford baby now, 73 percent. 4. Doesnt want others to know she hadsex or is pregnant, 42 percent. 5. Has relationship problems and doesntwant to be a single parent, 37 percent. 6. Unready for responsibility, 33 percent. There have been many studies done on smallergroups that expressed the exact same reasons for having an abortion. Olderwomen were more likely to say that their families were complete while youngerwomen said that a baby would interfere with education, career, and personalfreedom. At any age women say they have too many responsibilities and notenough money to take care of a baby. The reasons for which the public is approvingof abortions is not always the reason of the person who wants to have anabortion. Women do not have abortions because of rape, incest, deformedfetuses, or because their physical life is in danger. But these are thebest reasons accepted by the public. Being poor, too young, unmarried,and not wanting a baby are the most unpopular reasons for having an abortionand are looked down upon by the public. Pro-choice feels the main reasonfor abortions is because contraception failed and they didnt want to havea baby at the time. What are some of the benefits to havingan abortion. Well the most obvious one is the abortion itself. First ofall pro-choice wants to make it clear where they stand. They believe infirst time abortions. This is usually because of contraceptive reasonsor maturity, but where they draw the line is at third or fourth time abortions. This is because although they think abortion should be legal they believethat is a little extreme and may be a solution to a bad habit. But the big benefits of having an abortioncan be seen right away is relief. The feeling most women have after havingan abortion is relief. A 44-year-old psychologist with three children hadan illegal abortion at 18 and a legal abortion at 28. Both times she primarilyfelt relieved for herself and all the family members for whom she was responsible.Another example is a newly married 27-year-old elementary school teacherhad two abortions at age 18 and 21. She felt the same relief as the psychologist.There have been many studies that researched what the primary reactionto having an abortion was. One study done by Kaiser Permanent in northernCalifornia asked women subscribers how they felt about their abortions. The most common answer was relief. Abortion also leads to safer contraception. .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 , .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .postImageUrl , .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 , .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134:hover , .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134:visited , .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134:active { border:0!important; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134:active , .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134 .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0e34ddaa72a811dbf93fc0c494dfd134:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychological Insights into Parenting Styles EssayAfter a person has to go through an abortion because of a failure in contraceptionit is found that from then on the couple is much more cautious about safe-sex. It is found that almost all of the 742 low-income women who received abortionsin 1970-1971 at the State University Hospital in Syracuse, New York, intendedto use contraception in the future, an attitude that was even strongerafter their abortions. Perhaps the abortion is actually a lesson in life. Another positive impact is maturity. Howmight a person mature because of their abortion experience. Well the mostobvious example of maturity is after an abortion the aborted person usuallychanges their bad habits. This could be anything from safe-sex to everydaythings like listening to others. This may not have been the case beforethe abortion. When people were asked how they felt about themselves afterthe abortion many of them responded by saying they felt more mature. Itcaused them to reevaluate their behavior, their lives and their future. Others felt they were freer and stronger. Two benefactors to having an abortionis increased self-image, self-esteem, and increased psychological health.It is said that an abortion usually changes a womans uncertain self-imageinto a good self-image. The average woman gets back the self before shegot pregnant and sometimes a little more. It is also said that it can increaseyour psychological health. Can this really be? Pro-choice states thata woman is damaged by abortion, but pro- choice women state that is notso and it actually benefited them.Pro-Choice also believes that it is themoral right for a person to be able to control their own body whether itis having a baby or destroying it. They feel it is the womans right tobe able to do what she wants with herself and what she has created. Pro-Choicealso argues that at the stage where abortion is done the fetus is not reallya human being therefore it is like you are not destroying anything. Itis merely biological and really does not exist until further stages. This is the reasons why pro-choice is arguingfor the legalization of abortion. They feel that the increase in more maturewomen after abortion, safer-sex, increased mental health, and increasedself-esteem and self-image are good enough reasons for legalizing abortion. After researching about abortion the solutionthat I find best fit to the abortion controversy is that although abortionis morally and ethically wrong there is no real alternatives for thosewho are victims of rape or incest. That is why the best solution to thiscontroversy is to legalize abortion for those who are victims of theseawful crimes. Although pro-life and victims of rape andincest state that abortion adds to the pain of these crimes there is noother real solution. Most victims would agree that it would be better tosuffer through the pain of abortion than to have to live with a deformedchild or even worse a child that is not really your own as a product ofrape or incest. Victims of these crimes also report feeling dirty, guilty,sexually violated, etc But is that as bad as having to be constantlyreminded of the traumatic experience you went through everyday you seeyour child? Your child is a victim too!But the most obvious reason is the factthat a victim of rape or incest was violated against her will. She didnot ask for it, and does not deserve it. She should not then have to dealwith the child if she does not want to because it may lead to further complicationsfor the victim and child. By further complications I mean mentally, physically,and emotionally. Many victims often go through long periods of depressionwhe n they are forced to keep the child because it often stirs unwantedmemories. This is why abortion should be allowed or legal for those unfortunatefew who have no other choice but to have an abortion or live with thisgreat burden. Abortion on the other hand should not belegal for all. When a person chooses to have sex she is taking a chance. This she does of her own free will, and she has control over what she isdoing. This is the total opposite of the rape victim. If a person decidesto have sex whether it is safe or not, what happens after that is her responsibilityas well as his. And if you are going to chose to participate in this riskyand unsafe practice then you must be ready to pay the consequences. I also believe that a fetus is still achild contradictory to the beliefs of the Pro-Choice. I think that whentwo people create something like a child, even if it is as small as a fetusit should still be considered a child because it is a living breathingorganism made by the two people. I think that even a fetus has rights toa good life, love and happiness no matter how small it is and no one shouldbe able to take that away from him. Therefore my solution to the abortion problemis it should be legal for only those who are victims of rape or incestif they so chose to have an abortion. But should be illegal for those whoare not victims because they chose to do what they did and they must dealwith what they have created.

Environmental Science Essay Topics

Environmental Science Essay TopicsEnvironmental science essay topics are often very important in a science course. This is because of the way that it allows the student to look at the world around them. It is very useful for students to have, as they will be able to compare and contrast a lot of different things. It is also a great way to learn about how different types of people live and work.In order to write an environmental science essay, there are a few things that you should keep in mind. You will want to understand the kind of environment that you are in, and you will want to know the kind of environment that you would like to be in. The things that you know about the environment will help you figure out what you need to do in order to change your current environment. Your essay should help you identify the problems that you currently face, and it should give you some idea of what you need to do to change these things.Environmental science essay topics are going to include a l ot of different elements. First of all, they should discuss the problems that are currently facing the environment. They should also discuss ways that the environment can be changed in order to solve these problems. You should make sure that your essay includes things such as pollution, global warming, and the effects of an over populated world.As far as the things that you write about, remember that your essay should focus on the ideas that you want to put into it. Remember that it is a reflection of you as a person, and as such, it should focus on the things that you find to be the most important. This is a great way to show off your abilities as a student.As you work on your essays, you should always try to pay attention to the problems that are plaguing the environment. This is something that you should be very passionate about, and the more you can talk about the problems that are plaguing the environment, the better. One of the things that you will be able to do is to find out how the government is trying to solve these problems, and you should use this information to help you with your essays.Your environmental science essay topics should also include the things that you like about the environment. These could be things such as the air that you breathe, or the kind of food that you eat. By focusing on the positive aspects of the environment, you will be able to get across a message that will be very easy to relate to.Remember that the essay topics you write for environmental science are not just about the problems that you face. You should make sure that you also talk about the good aspects of the environment as well. If you try to focus on these aspects, you will be able to create a much more effective essay that is going to get you noticed by your professors.The best way to learn about the different things that you should include in your environmental science essay topics is to go online and look them up. There are many online resources that can help you learn the things that you need to know. You should also be able to find several books that can help you get a lot of ideas about these subjects.

How to Create a Warm and Friendly Classroom Environment

How to Create a Warm and Friendly Classroom Environment To create a friendly, non-threatening classroom environment, here are some  strategies gathered from seasoned educators who create a warm and welcoming environment for their students every day.   You can start on creating an environment that is conducive to learning and maximizing student social and academic growth in 10 easy steps: Greet your students each day with enthusiasm. Find something positive to say as much as possible or as much as time will allow for.Provide students with time to share happenings, events, or items with you.  Even if you set a certain time frame aside each day for 3-5 students to share, it will help to create a friendly, warm, and welcome environment. It shows them you care and it provides you with opportunities to learn about what is important about each of your students.Take the time on occasion to share something that is important to you. This could be the fact that your own child took their first steps or that you saw a wonderful play that you would like to share with your students. Your students will see you as a real and caring person. This type of sharing shouldnt be done every day but rather from time to time.Take time to talk about differences within the classroom. Diversity is everywhere and children can benefit from learning about diversity at a very early age. Talk about varying cultural backgrounds, body image, body types, talents, strengths, and weaknesses. Provide opportunities for your learners to share their strengths and weaknesses. The child who may not be able to run fast may be able to draw very well. These conversations always need to be held in a positive light. Understanding diversity is a lifelong skill children will always benefit from. It builds trust and acceptance in the classroom. Say no to all forms of bullying. There is no such thing as a welcoming, nurturing environment when there is tolerance for bullying. Stop it early and make sure all students know that they should report bullying. Remind them that telling on a bully is not tattling, it is reporting. Have a set of routines and rules that prevent bullying.Build activities into your day that support students working together and building rapport with one another. Small group work and team work with well-established routines and rules will help in developing a very cohesive environment.Focus on the strengths when calling upon a student. Never put down a child for not being able to do something, take some one-to-one time to support the child. When asking a child to demonstrate or respond to something, be sure that the child is in their comfort zone and always capitalize on the strengths. Showing sensitivity to each of your students is extremely important in protecting their confidence and self-esteem.Promot e two-way respect. I cant say enough about two-way respect. Adhere to the golden rule, always show respect and you will get it back in return. Take time to educate the class about specific disorders and disabilities. Role play helps to develop empathy and support among classmates and peers.Make a conscientious effort to promote confidence and self-esteem among every student in the classroom.  Give praise and positive reinforcement that is real and deserved often. The more that students feel good about themselves, the better they will be toward themselves and others.

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

American history - Essay Example On the other hand, withdrawing the army from was essentially an act of moral defeat for the United States in the war against the soviet communist totalitarianism. Such withdrawal could have allured the procommunist blocs around the world. As a result, the most difficult task for Nixon Presidency was to find out a decent exit route from the war. Overview of the American Dilemma in the War In fact, President Johnson’s failure to find out a decent exit from the Battle of Vietnam played a crucial role in the presidential election in 1969. As a result, Nixon was elected. But several issues that were crucial to the interest of America at home and abroad and also of Nixon himself were, in some way or other, entwined with his success to end the war. In the first place Nixon was confronted with the massive casualties that occurred on either sides of the war. Furthermore, he has to confront with the mass protest at home and abroad against the moral decay of the US Army in the events lik e â€Å"My Lai Massacre†, â€Å"Green Beret Affair† and the operation â€Å"Speedy Express†, etc. ... Such public insolence could have turned against the ruling party in the next election, if he had have failed to find out a decent exit from Vietnam. In national politics, Nixon’s dilemma was -as it is said in an article, â€Å"Richard M. Nixon - The Vietnam war†: â€Å"If [Nixon’s] plan involved escalation, Democrats could charge that he was abandoning attempts to reach a peaceful solution and could point to mounting American casualties and prisoners of war. If he negotiated a solution that led to the fall of the government in Saigon, Democrats could charge that he had abandoned an ally†.3 Indeed, this dilemma of Nixon played crucial role in shaping his policy for the Americans’ role in the Vietnam War. Now, even though Nixon successfully retained his position in the Oval Office in 1973, he failed to find out a safe and decent exit from Vietnam. There is no doubt that by perpetuating the US presence in Vietnam, he had been able to retain the big-bro ther image for his country in international power politics. But obviously, he had paid a high price for it.4 Sacrificing the United States’ image as the savior, Nixon’s offensive stance as well as his â€Å"Madman† earned him a bad reputation. Scholars often claim that his defensive stance would have helped more the causes of South Vietnam to survive as a democratic state than the â€Å"Madman Doctrine† could do. What Started the War? The Vietnam War started, in 1955, as a conflict between the communists-backed North Vietnam and the US-ally-backed South Vietnam. But in the 1960s, the United States began to involve in the war increasingly. As a result, the war, which was initially a colonial struggle between the French and the pro-communist northern

Nike Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Nike - Case Study Example lizing its main objectives hence giving it ideas on what ought to be done in order to achieve these objectives and Nike Company is not different because it also has its mission and vision. The company’s mission is to offer inspiration to all athletes globally (Nike Inc., 2014). Nike Company has strived to achieve this mission because to date, most athletes taking part in national competitions such as Olympics or marathon are supplied with footwear to enable them participate comfortably. The company’s vision is that everybody has the capacity of becoming an athlete since the company provides all the necessary gears (Nike Inc., 2013). Nike Company has a number of strengths; the company has a global recognition for its apparels that are normally used in sports (Lussier & Kimball, 2009).Apart from its high quality apparel, the company also known for its innovative marketing techniques. For instance, the company normally uses prominent sportsmen such as tiger woods and Michael Jordan while marketing their products (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). Apart from strengths, the company also has a number of weaknesses. For instance, the company has had some management problems. Since resignation of the company’s founder in 2005, the company has had two CEOs in a span of two years (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). Apart from management issues, the company is also experiencing a decline in sales especially in the United States. For instance, there company experiences higher sales in continents such as Europe and Asia than in the United States where the Nike’s headquarters are located (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). This is due to high competition from other companies such as Adidas and Reebok that also specialize in production of sports accessories. The company has several opportunities that if properly utilized will result to an increase in the number of sales hence higher incomes. The company has signed an agreement with Apple Company that will see the company develop an application

Social Policy - Diabetes Essay Example for Free

Social Policy Diabetes Essay Examine a contemporary social issue (which may or may not have been covered during the module) paying particular attention as to why this issue has become problematic and for whom. Also, consider what should be done about your chosen issue and any role that nursing/social work might have in dealing with it. A social issue can be defined as ‘social conditions identified by scientific inquiry and values as detrimental to human well-being’ (Manis 1976). I believe that a social issue can be anything that affects a person in a bad way and affects their standard of living. It could be something from a health problem to something to do with a financial issue within someone’s home. I am going to focus on the health of the public and have chosen to pay attention to the social issue of diabetes type 2. I am going to pay particular attention to why diabetes has become problematic in the community and for who it is causing a problem to. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood glucose level, or your body is unable to use the insulin that is produced (NHS Choices). You are likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you are over the age of 40, have a relative with the condition or are overweight. A person is normally thought to have type 2 diabetes if he or she does not have type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent) or monogenetic diabetes (WHO). Patients that suffer from type 2 diabetes generally are given dietary guidance so that they can manage their blood sugar and they are also advised to take their blood sugar once a day to make sure that it is regular. Patients should also increase physical activity and control their weight. It is important that diabetes type 2 is controlled so that it doesn’t progressively get worse and lead to diabetes type 1 diabetes which would mean the patient would become insulin dependent. Diabetes type 2 is problematic for the patient as during everyday living they have to make sure they are aware of what they are eating and doing to make sure they control their own blood sugar to keep themselves healthy. A patient suffering from type 2 diabetes might feel self conscious at meal times as they may have to eat something different to the people they are dining with. This can cause the person’s self esteem to be decreased and they could be embarrassed to eat around other people as they might feel like they are being segregated from the group. A patient also has to exercise regularly which they might find difficult to fit into their lifestyle but in order to control their blood sugar effectively it should become an important part of their everyday life. It can also be problematic on the health costs. Current estimates suggest that direct health cost of diabetes accounts for 5% of the UK health cost (Payne, Barker 2010). This percentage doesn’t even include the full cost of the problem. There are also costs related to sickness from work, disability and more than 10% of hospital bed days. Since 1996 the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has increased from 1. 4 million to 2. 9 million. Most of these cases will be Type 2 diabetes, because of our ageing population and rapidly rising numbers of overweight and obese people. This suggests to us that the demands on the health service are going to increase which will therefore cost more money. These statistics also tell us that an increase in obesity is going to affect diabetes. Obesity is increasing in the UK such that over half the population are now overweight or obese. This has significant health consequences, causing an increase in the risk of diabetes (Payne, Barker 2010). The government have suggested that obesity is resulting in health costs increasing and life expectancy decreasing. One of the social consequences for a person that is obese or overweight is that they are seen negatively upon and discriminated against. This can happen in all situations in social environments and can affect a person in many different ways such as low self-esteem and depression. Obesity is causing an increase risk of diseases that are associated with it. This will also increase health costs as well as making the health of the public worse. If type 2 diabetes is not controlled then type 1 diabetes can develop. This is worse because the patient becomes dependant on insulin. It usually develops in the teenage years of someone’s life. This has to be given my subcutaneous injection (Payne, Barker 2010), this makes sure that the insulin levels are regular and forms the basis of dietary management. They will also have to regularly check their blood sugars. They will often need monitoring, assessment and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors because they have many features of metabolic syndrome. There are many different complications that are caused by diabetes. If you have diabetes, you are up to five times more likely to develop heart disease or have a stroke (WHO). When the blood glucose levels are increasing it results in the furring and narrowing of your blood vessels which may result in a poor blood supply to the heart. This can lead to a heart attack or a stroke. This doesn’t only put the patient’s life at risk but it also results in a huge cost on the NHS. It can also affect the patient’s family a friends hugely emotionally but also physically if they are in need of care after the event. It can change the patient’s life style dramatically. It is not only the blood vessels near the heart that are affected it is also the blood vessels in the nerves. This sometimes causes a tingling sensation in your limbs. If the nerves in the digestive system are affected a patient may experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation. This will make the patient’s life very uncomfortable. Blood vessels in the retina can become blocked or leaky, or can grow haphazardly. This prevents the light from fully passing through to your retina. If it is not treated, it can damage your vision (NHS Choices). If a patient doesn’t control their blood sugar levels they are very likely to develop serious eye problems. Having an annual eye check up with a specialist, an ophthalmologist, can help to see the signs of an eye problem sooner so that it can be treated. Another problem that diabetes can lead to in a blockage of the blood vessels in the kidney, this makes the kidneys work less efficiently. In very rare cases this can lead to kidney failure and the need for dialysis or even a kidney transplant. Another reason why diabetes affects people’s health and health costs is because 1 in 10 people with diabetes get a foot ulcer (WHO). Damage in the nerves of the foot can mean that small nicks and cuts are not noticed. They will not be noticed because the nerves are damaged the patient with these small cuts won’t feel the pain from them. If these small cuts are not noticed a serious infection can occur and it can lead to the development of a foot ulcer. If patients develop nerve damage they should check their feet every day and report any changes to a nurse or doctor. When a nurse is visiting a patient with diabetes they should look out for sores and cuts that do not heal as well as puffiness and swelling. There are always going to be other side effects to having diabetes but these are the most common. Another problem that diabetes can cause is an increased risk of a miscarriage or stillbirth. It is important that women that are pregnant are aware that they have diabetes so that the blood sugar level can be carefully controlled during the early stages of pregnancy. If it is not carefully controlled there is also an increased risk of the baby developing a birth defect (NHS Choices). Pregnant women with diabetes will usually have their antenatal check-ups in hospital or a diabetic clinic. As a nurse it is important we make sure pregnant women with diabetes are aware of this. This allows the care team to keep a close eye on the patient’s blood sugar levels and control your insulin dosage more easily, if you regulate your blood sugar using insulin. They will also be able to monitor the growth and development of your baby. Pregnant women are also at risk of having larger babies than normal which causes problems during the birth of the baby as well as the late stages of pregnancy. It can cause other problems to the mother during the birth such as ripping on the vagina or even to the stage they have to go through with a suzerain. All of these side affects cost the NHS money. This can be reduced by people eating healthier and exercising so that they do not form the illness of diabetes in the first place. One example of how much diabetes can cost health services is the Lucentis injection. This is a shot that helps to prevent people with severe diabetes going blind but it costs ? 1000. This is a huge amount of money when you put it into proportion to the amount of people that have diabetes in the UK. With around 5,000 new cases a year, NICE is reluctant to recommend the use of Lucentis for treating DMO, diabetic macular oedema (Global Diabetes Community). ‘A report by the NHS entitled Prescribing for Diabetes in England reported that over the last 5 years, the cost of drugs and treatments alone in order to treat people with diabetes had risen by 40% from ? 458.  6 million in 2004/5 to ? 649. 2 million in 2009/10’. These statistics tell us that the number of people in the UK with diabetes has risen. This could be due to the fact that the number of people that are obese in England has risen. The UK is the fattest country in Europe. The number of obese adults is forecast to rise by 73% over the next 20 years from to 26 million people, resulting in more than a million extra cases of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer (Global Diabetes Community). The cost of diabetes in 2010 was 13. 750 billion pounds just for the year on the NHS. This cost includes the treatment, drugs, inpatients and outpatient appointments for diabetes type 1 type 2. There is also other services that are included into the treatment such as the social service. The amount of money that is spent on each type of diabetes for each different area of expenditure can be seen in appendix 1. The cost of in patients with diabetes is the greatest. This is due to the fact when diabetes gets so severe people need time in hospital to recover and be treated for other illnesses that diabetes has caused them. Type 1 diabetes cost 1. 802 billion pounds in 2010 where as diabetes type 2 diabetes cost 11. 718 billion pounds. This is due to the fact type 2 diabetes is more common in the UK. Although it can be controlled by changing your lifestyle it is not always diagnosed and therefore can cause more problems than if the patient was aware they had this condition. There should always be actions in place to try and decrease the number of people in the UK that have diabetes. Published in 2001, The National Service Framework for Diabetes contains nine standards for the provision of high quality diabetes services in what it recognised as a growing area of need. The prevention of type 2 diabetes will play a major part in this because if people are eating healthier and exercising more they are less likely to form diabetes type 2 but if they do people should be able to identify that they have diabetes in order for them to control their own condition. By controlling their own blood sugar they will be less likely to end up in hospital with another illness related to this condition. In order to do this the NHS want to see public awareness campaigns to communicate the seriousness of diabetes and its complications, the risk factors of type 2 diabetes (Young 2011) This should hopefully point the public in the right direction to whether they have diabetes so that they can seek help and advice in order to keep as healthy as possible in their everyday life. It is important that as nurses we give advice to our patients they importance of NHS checkups and healthy living so that patients with diabetes reduce the risk of illness. As a nurse health promotion is always important for any condition. Health promotion has evolved into an extremely broad sphere of activity encompassing health education, lifestyle and preventative approaches (Scriven, Orme 2001). As nurses we have to concentrate on improving the health of our patients and the public. One way in which we can promote health to our patients is while we are working alongside them in hospital is to provide structured information in preparation for stressful events (Macdonald, Bunton 1992). When a patient has diabetes it could mean that we give the patient information about how to manage this condition at home so that they live a healthy lifestyle. There is a lot of substantial evidence that suggests passing on information to the patient and communicating with them reduces anxiety and speeds up recovery time. More recently, the need to adopt more individualised, patient-centred approaches, incorporating a recognition of the importance of self-efficiency beliefs and the wider barriers to taking health action, has been widely recognised (Norton 1998). This could suggest that one patient may just need the advice to be told to them while another patient needs instructions on how to use this advice at home, maybe written down or extra support at home depending on the health and well-being of this particular patient. While I was on placement it was an important job to help the patients chose what they would like to eat the next day by filling in a menu. For a diabetic they would have different choices and then a pudding with less sugar in to the other patients. It was important that as a student nurse helping them I helped to promote the healthier options to all patients in order for them to eat a healthy balanced diet. This would not only mean that they would eat healthier while in hospital but it would also give the patients an idea of what to eat at home to have a balanced diet. The department of health also help to ensure that the public with diabetes are cared for to reduce health costs and to improve the public’s health. One way that they do this is to ensure that local authorities commission a fully funded health check programme and a follow-up action.

Mars and the Earth Essay -- Astronomy Space Essays

Mars and the Earth Geologists study the surface of both Mars and Earth by using interplanetary comparative analysis to further their understanding of the two planets. In some ways, Mars resembles Earth. Features on Mars such as an atmosphere, a wind-modified surface, near-surface water, volcanism, seasons, ice caps, dust storms, and channels can be found on Earth as well, albeit slightly different in origination or intensity. Despite their similarities, their differences are profound. Their acute differences in their tectonic framework and their quantities of liquid water affect the geological theories behind the formation of the surface of Earth and Mars. By investigating these similarities and differences, geologists can grasp and acquire a better understanding of the evolution of these two planets. Mars, named after the Roman war god, is known as the Red Planet due to its’ red or pink appearance as it glows in the night sky. Galileo first saw Mars around the year 1610, since then numerous others have viewed the mysterious planet. Just to name a few, Michael Carr in The Surface of Mars (1) describes the trail of Mars’ historical observations; starting with Huyghens in 1659 who verified that Mars, like Earth, had a north-south rotation in a 24-hour period, Cassini who observed polar caps on Mars in 1666, and Herschel who, in the late 1700’s, determined that Mars had seasons much like Earth. According to Cross and Moore, Mars is much smaller and less massive than Earth (8). They also argue that Mars and the Earth move around the Sun in different periods, making observation of geological features extremely difficult since sightings are limited to a few months every other year (12). As difficult as Mars is to obse... ... Editors of Life. The Earth. New York, NY: Time Inc. Book Division, 1962. Carr. Michael H. Images of Mars. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1980. Carr, Michael H. The Surface of Mars. Westford, Mass: The Murray Printing Co., 1981. Gornitz, Vivien. Geology of the Planet Mars. Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., 1979. Guest, John. The Earth and Its Satellite. New York, NY: David McKay Company, Inc., 1971. Michaux, C. M. Handbook of the Physical Properties of the Planet Mars. Washington, D. C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1967. Mutch, Thomas A. The Geology of Mars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976. Moore, Patrick, & Charles A. Cross. Mars. New York, NY: Crown Publishers Inc., 1973. â€Å"Poles Apart: North and South on Mars.† Valley News [Hanover] 6 May 2002, first ed: